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1、构成口腔上部和下部的骨头和肌肉组织。上部叫上颌,下部叫下颌。
他偶然发现了一个450万年前的有袋动物的颌骨。
He came across the jawbone of a 4.5 million-year-old marsupial.
一块羚羊颌骨内部的痕迹表明,这些原始人割了它的舌头。
The marks on the inside of one antelope jaw showed the primitive people cut out the tongue.
于是,他找了一名牙医,把9颗从奴隶嘴里拔来的牙齿移植到他的颌骨间。
So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.
而另一种蛇类,黄颌蛇,并不完全属于任何一个类别。
Another family of snakes, the colubrids, don't really fit neatly into either category though.
对于黄颌蛇来说,毒液一定有其他的作用,可能和消化猎物有关。
For colubrids, the venom must serve some other purpose, maybe linked to digesting prey.
它窄长的头骨、没有牙齿的尖颌和短短的颈椎表明,它与无齿翼龙类似。
Its elongated skull with toothless tips and short cervical vertebrae indicate that it is similar to that of Pteranodon.
黄颌蛇,你可能也听过这种蛇,虽然它们经常被归类为毒蛇,但实际上它们通常是无毒的。
Colubrids, and you probably heard this too, although they are often classified as venomous snakes, they are actually generally non-venomous.
将黄颌蛇与其他被我们归类为毒蛇的蛇区别开来的,并不是它们没有毒液,而是缺乏一种将毒液输送到猎物体内的有效方法。
What separates colubrids from other snakes we have been classifying as venomous, is not the lack of venom, but the lack of an effective way to deliver the venom into its prey.
在大多数毒蛇中,如蝰蛇和眼镜蛇,毒液用于捕捉猎物、使其无法行动;但在彩颌类中,只有在猎物到了蛇嘴里后,毒液才会滴到猎物身上。
In most venomous snakes, like vipers and cobras, the venom is used to catch and inmoblize the prey; but in colubrids, venom drips onto the prey only after the prey is in the snake's mouth.
接下来的六年里,乔伊在里尔与医院颌面外科医师艾玛·伍丽一起工作。
Over the next six years, Joy worked with maxillofacial surgeon Emma Woolley in Rhyl.
他吃海星、颌针鱼。
He ate the starfish and the garfish.
当你到终线时就停止看颌骨。
Stop looking at the jawbone as your finish line.
和着它颌骨上的夹击,跳这首华尔兹。
Take this waltz with the clamp on its jaws.
这会损伤牙齿,让人头疼并使颌骨受损。
It can damage the teeth, give you headaches and make your jaw hurt.
沙蚕的颌齿是由蛋白质跟锌离子结合而成。
Ragworm jaws are made of a mixture of protein and zinc ions.
脊柱姿势不正将额外的压力放到你的颌关节。
A misaligned spine puts extra stress on your jaw joints.
手臂、左肩、肘部、颌部或背部疼痛或不舒服。
Pain or discomfort in the arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back.
他打开盒子,里面是一个早已死去的男人的颌骨。
He opened the box. Inside was the jawbone of a long-dead man.
良好的饮食习惯是保持口腔颌支持它们最佳结构所必需的。
A good diet is required to keep the mouth and supporting structures in optimal shape.
牙齿是长在脸骨的颌里的,这些同样会受到骨质疏松的影响。
Teeth are held in the jaw by the face bone, which can also be affected by osteoporosis.
颌骨,牙龈,嘴唇和软、硬颚不断的在生活中补充它们自己。
The jawbone, gums, lips, and soft and hard palates are constantly replenishing themselves throughout life.
吉姆·贝尔说:“在哈达尔发现的颌骨怎么会具有误导性呢?”
"How can the Hadar jaw be misleading?" says Kimbel.
而有强壮颌骨的动物,如大猩猩和猩猩,则适应吃那些需要很多咀嚼的食物。
Animals with robust jaws, like gorillas and orang-utans, have long been known to be adapted to eating foods that require a lot of chewing.
“一块羚羊颌骨内部的痕迹表明,这些原始人曾将它的舌头割了去,”怀特说。
"The marks on the inside of one antelope jaw showed they cut out the tongue," White said.
然而,当弄清楚在洁净水域的沙蚕,其颌齿也饱含锌的时候,该设想就行不通了。
That suggestion, however, fell apart when it became clear that the jaws of worms from clean water, too, were stuffed with zinc.
最后,又一柄利刃朝他砍来,将他的面部一分为二,从左眼一直砍到右颌(见图)。
Finally another blade arced towards him. This one bisected his face, opening a crevice that ran from his left eye to his right jaw (see picture).
因此,当有这些(强壮)颌骨的化石出土时,人们便认为这些生物也是吃较硬的食物。
So when fossils with these jaw structures have turned up, it had been assumed that the creatures were eating tough foods too.
在它们扁圆头部的前端有一对弯曲的尖牙作为颌齿,用来俘获甲壳类生物并将其撕碎。
At the front of their bulbous blue heads they have curved fangs that act as jaws. They use these to capture and tear apart their crustacean prey.
你使用了正确的清洁剂,保湿,血清和面膜,并且做了许多次-突然的就停在了颌骨上。
You apply the right cleansers, moisturizers, serums and masks and do as so many do - stop abruptly at your jaw bone.
依据该动物的颌骨计算表明,它能以15万牛顿的力度把猎物咬伤,咀嚼力度是霸王龙的四倍。
Calculations based on the animal's jaw bones suggest it could have bitten into its prey with a force of 150 kilonewtons, or four times the force thought to be exerted by the jaws of a T. rex.